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1.
Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; 83(1): 23-28, Jan.-Feb. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-839398

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction Nasal packing after endoscopic sinus surgery is used as a standard procedure. The optimum solution to minimize or eliminate all disadvantages of this procedure may be accomplished using biodegradable packs. Objective The aim of this study was to compare patient satisfaction and clinical outcome associated with absorbable and non-absorbable packing after FESS. Methods In total, 50 patients were included in a prospective, double-blind, randomized trial. One side was packed with polyurethane foam, while the opposite side was packed with gauze packing. On the 2nd, 10th, and 30th postoperative day, the patients were questioned with the aid of a visual analog scale. The standardized questionnaires for bleeding, nasal breathing, feeling of pressure, and headache were used. The presence of synechiae, infection, or granulation was noted and recorded with the video-endoscopy. Results A significant difference according to lower pressure was found in the NasoPore group compared to the controls on day ten after surgery. The NasoPore packing had lower scores with respect to postoperative nose blockage on the 2nd and 10th days. Mucosal healing was better for the NasoPore group, both at day ten and 30 compared with the control group. Conclusion The overall patient comfort is higher when using NasoPore compared to non-resorbable traditional impregnated gauze packing. Intensive saline douches applied three to four times per day are mandatory after the operation to prevent synechiae formation and fluid resorption by the packing.


Resumo Introdução O tamponamento nasal após cirurgia sinusal endoscópica é procedimento de rotina. A solução ideal para minimizar ou eliminar as desvantagens desse procedimento pode ser alcançada com o uso de tampões biodegradáveis. Objetivo Comparar a satisfação do paciente e o desfecho clínico associados ao uso de tampões absorvíveis e não absorvíveis após a cirurgia funcional dos seios paranasais (FESS- Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery). Método Foram incluídos 50 pacientes neste estudo prospectivo, duplo-cego e randomizado. Um dos lados foi tamponado com espuma de poliuretano, enquanto no outro lado foi feito um tamponamento com gaze. Nos 2º, 10º e 30º dias após a operação, os pacientes foram perguntados com a ajuda de uma escala analógica visual. Foram empregados questionários padronizados para sangramento, respiração nasal, sensação de pressão e cefaleia. A presença de sinequias, infecção ou granulação foi registrada por videoendoscopia. Resultados Foi observada diferença significante, da sensação de pressão, menor no lado tratado com NasoPore vs. controles no 10º dia após a cirurgia. O tamponamento com NasoPore obteve escores mais baixos com respeito ao bloqueio nasal pós-operatório no 2º e 10º dias. A cicatrização da mucosa foi melhor no lado do NasoPore, mas no 10º e 30º dias os resultados foram comparáveis com os do lado de controle. Conclusão O conforto geral do paciente é maior com o uso de NasoPore vs. tamponamento tradicional com gaze besuntada não reabsorvível. O uso vigoroso de jatos de solução salina aplicados 3-4 vezes ao dia é um procedimento obrigatório após a cirurgia, para evitar a formação de sinequias e para uma absorção natural do tampão.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Polyurethanes/administration & dosage , Sinusitis/surgery , Rhinitis/surgery , Nasal Polyps/surgery , Postoperative Hemorrhage/prevention & control , Absorbable Implants , Occlusive Dressings , Double-Blind Method , Prospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Patient Satisfaction , Endoscopy/methods
2.
São Paulo; s.n; s.n; 2017. 85p tab, graf, ilus.
Thesis in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-878498

ABSTRACT

Polímeros naturais têm sido amplamente utilizados como excipientes farmacêuticos, principalmente por serem biocompatíveis e renováveis. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a aplicação da resina poliuretânica derivada do óleo de mamona (RPDOM) em formas farmacêuticas gastrorretentivas de liberação controlada. O trabalho aqui apresentado está dividido em quatro capítulos. O capítulo 1 trata-se de uma visão geral sobre a aplicação dos poliuretanos como sistemas de liberação de fármacos, enfatizando os estudos contendo poliuretanos do óleo de mamona. O capítulo 2 trata-se de uma revisão sistemática sobre sistemas gastrorretentivos de liberação de fármacos. O capítulo 3 trata do desenvolvimento e da caracterização da RPDOM contendo fármaco na sua matriz. Domperidona e cloridrato de verapamil foram escolhidos como fármacos modelos devido ao potencial uso desses em formulações gastrorretentivas. Os estudos físico-químicos mostraram que parte da domperidona interagiu quimicamente com a RPDOM. Visto que não é possível a quebra dessa ligação química durante o estudo de dissolução, parte do fármaco ficou indisponível para liberação. Por outro lado, o verapamil foi incorporado com sucesso na RPDOM pelo método de evaporação do solvente. O verapamil interagiu através de forças intermoleculares com o polímero e esse sistema mostrou um promissor perfil de dissolução. O capítulo 4 trata do desenvolvimento de matrizes monolíticas flutuantes, contendo verapamil como fármaco modelo, espuma de polipropileno como excipiente de baixa densidade e um blend da RPDOM e da celulose microcristalina como sistema matricial. A capacidade de flutuação in vitro das matrizes e o controle da liberação do fármaco foram demonstrados. Por fim, a RPDOM mostrou-se um polímero promissor para o uso em sistemas de liberação controlada de fármacos devido a sua hidrofobicidade e para o uso em sistemas gastrorretentivos flutuantes devido à sua baixa densidade


Natural polymers have been extensively used as pharmaceutical excipients mainly due to their biocompatibility and renewability. The aim of this study was to investigate the application of polyurethane resin from castor oil (PU) in controlled release gastroretentive dosage forms. The work presented herein is divided in four chapters. Chapter 1 is an overview of the application of polyurethanes as drug delivery systems, emphasizing studies containing castor oil-based polyurethanes. Chapter 2 is a systematic review of gastroretentive drug delivery systems. Chapter 3 is about the development and characterization of the PU containing drug in its matrix. Domperidone and verapamil hydrochloride were chosen as model drugs due to their potential use in gastroretentive formulations. Physicochemical studies showed that part of domperidone interacted chemically with PU. Since it is not possible a cleavage of the chemical bond between domperidone and the polyurethane during the dissolution study, part of the drug was not available for release. On the other hand, verapamil was successfully incorporated into PU by solvent evaporation method. Verapamil interacted by intermolecular forces with the polymer and this system showed a promising drug dissolution profile. Chapter 4 shows the development of floating monolithic matrices, containing verapamil as model drug, polypropylene foam as low-density excipient and a blend of PU and microcrystalline cellulose as matrix-forming polymers. The in vitro buoyancy capability of the matrices and the ability to control drug release were demonstrated. Finally, PU proved to be a potential polymer to be used in controlled drug delivery systems due to its hydrophobicity and in gastroretentive floating systems due to its low density


Subject(s)
Polyurethanes/administration & dosage , Drug Liberation , Castor Oil , Verapamil/chemistry , Domperidone/chemistry
3.
Acta cir. bras ; 31(12): 774-782, Dec. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-837658

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT PURPOSE: To assess the capsules formed by silicone implants coated with polyurethane foam and with a textured surface. METHODS: Sixty-four Wistar albinus rats were divided into two groups of 32 each using polyurethane foam and textured surface. The capsules around the implants were analyzed for 30, 50, 70 and 90 days. Were analyzed the following parameters: foreign body reaction, granulation tissue, presence of myofibroblasts, neoangiogenesis, presence of synovial metaplasia, capsular thickness, total area and collagen percentage of type I and III, in capsules formed around silicone implants in both groups. RESULTS: The foreign body reaction was only present in the four polyurethane subgroups. The formation of granulation tissue and the presence of myofibroblasts were higher in the four polyurethane subgroups. Regarding to neoangiogenesis and synovial metaplasia, there was no statistical difference between the groups. Polyurethane group presented (all subgroups) a greater capsule thickness, a smaller total area and collagen percentage of type I and a higher percentage area of type III, with statistical difference. CONCLUSION: The use of polyurethane-coated implants should be stimulated by the long-term results in a more stable capsule and a lower incidence of capsular contracture, despite developing a more intense and delayed inflammatory reaction in relation to implants with textured surface.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Rats , Polyurethanes/administration & dosage , Foreign-Body Reaction/pathology , Breast Implants/adverse effects , Silicone Gels/administration & dosage , Coated Materials, Biocompatible , Implant Capsular Contracture/pathology , Surface Properties , Rats, Wistar , Breast Implantation/methods , Collagen Type I/analysis , Collagen Type III/analysis
4.
Rev. bras. queimaduras ; 8(2): 60-64, Maio - Ago 2009.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1367644

ABSTRACT

Introdução: O tratamento local da área doadora de enxerto de pele é assunto controverso na literatura médica. Revendo esta problemática, procuramos analisar a capacidade do curativo em resolver a ferida e reduzir desconforto e dor dos pacientes. Método: Foram selecionados 34 pacientes que, de forma aleatória e randomizada, compuseram três grupos: grupo controle (GE-C), curativo de rayon embebido em soro fisiológico 0,9%; grupo estudo-A (GEA), curativo de colágeno bovino associado ao alginato de cálcio e coberto por filme de poliuretano transparente; grupo estudo-B (GE-B), somente filme de poliuretano transparente. Dois observadores independentes avaliaram os pacientes dos três grupos em relação ao desempenho de cada curativo: epitelização, formação de crosta, quantidade e características do exsudato e presença de complicações. A dor foi avaliada por meio da escala visual analógica (EVA), pelo inventário breve de dor (IBD) e índice de manejo da dor (IMD). Resultados: Ao compararmos o GEA em relação ao tempo de epitelização com os outros grupos encontramos, GE-A: 6,3 dias/GE-B: 8,2 dias com p < 0,02; GEA:6,3 dias/GE-C: 11,7 dias com p < 0,01. Em 90% dos pacientes do GEA, registramos dor leve (EVA), 85% do GEA referiu dor não localizada na área doadora de enxerto (IBD) e o IMD ficou entre o intervalo [-3;+1]. Conclusão: Os autores sugerem que a utilização do curativo de colágeno associado ao alginato de cálcio em áreas doadoras de enxerto poderá reduzir o tempo para total epitelização e queixas álgicas e promover maior conforto ao paciente.


Background: Local treatment of the donor site skin graft is controversial in medical literature. Reviewing that issue, we have analyzed the capacity of the dressing random and randomly in solving the wound and reduce both discomfort and pain of patients. Methods: We have random selected 34 patients and randomly divided into three groups: control group (GEC), rayon dressing soaked in saline 0.9% - study group A (GE-A), bovine collagen dressing associated with the alginate calcium and covered with transparent polyurethane film - study group B (GE-B), only transparent polyurethane film. Two independent observers assayed the patients in the three groups regarding the performance of each dressing epithelialization, scabbing, quantity and characteristics of the exudate and the presence of complications. Pain was quantified by: visual analog scale (VAS), the brief pain inventory (IBD) and index of pain management (IMD). Results: Comparing the GEA with respect to time of epithelialization with other groups found, GE-A: 6.3 days / GE-B: 8.2 days p <0.02; GE-A: 6.3 days / GE-C: 11.7 days with p <0.01. In 90% of patients in the GEA recorded mild pain (VAS), 85% of the GEA did not mention pain localized in the donor graft (IBD) and the IMD was between the interval [-3; +1]. Conclusion: The authors suggest that the use of the dressing of collagen associated with calcium alginate in areas of donor grafts may reduce the time for complete epithelization and pain complaints and promote greater patient comfort.


Subject(s)
Humans , Bandages/supply & distribution , Wound Healing , Skin Transplantation/instrumentation , Polyurethanes/administration & dosage , Collagen/administration & dosage , Alginates/administration & dosage
5.
J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent ; 2007 Oct-Dec; 25(4): 157-63
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-114811

ABSTRACT

Dental caries is one of the most prevalent infectious diseases and although of multifactorial origin, Streptococcus mutans is considered the chief pathogen in its development. Fluoride is one of the most effective agents used for the reduction of dental caries apart from oral hygiene maintenance. AIMS: The aim of this study was to estimate the counts of Streptococcus mutans and to evaluate the effect of Fluor Protector fluoride varnish on these counts in the plaque of caries-free children using Dentocult SM Strip Mutans. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty caries-free subjects were selected for the study based on the information obtained from a questionnaire and were randomly assigned to the control group consisting of ten subjects and the study group consisting of twenty subjects. Plaque samples were collected on the strips from the Dentocult SM kit and after incubation, the presence of Streptococcus mutans was evaluated using the manufacturer's chart. The study group was subjected to a Fluor Protector fluoride varnish application following which the samples were collected again after 24 hours. RESULTS: The average Streptococcus mutans counts in the primary dentition of caries-free children before and after the application of Fluor Protector fluoride varnish were 10(4)-10(5) colony forming units (CFU)/ml and <10(4) CFU/ml respectively. CONCLUSION: The results showed that the study group had a statistically significant reduction in the plaque Streptococcus mutans counts than the control group.


Subject(s)
Beverages , Cariostatic Agents/administration & dosage , Child, Preschool , Colony Count, Microbial , Dental Plaque/microbiology , Dietary Carbohydrates/administration & dosage , Drug Combinations , Fluorides, Topical/administration & dosage , Feeding Behavior , Humans , Incisor/microbiology , Molar/microbiology , Polyurethanes/administration & dosage , Reagent Strips/diagnosis , Research Design , Silanes/administration & dosage , Streptococcus mutans/drug effects , Tooth, Deciduous/microbiology , Toothbrushing , Toothpastes/therapeutic use
6.
Rev. odontol. UNESP ; 28(1): 49-61, jan.-jun. 1999. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-271336

ABSTRACT

Estudo da neoformaçäo óssea basal da mandíbula de 60 ratos, após preparo de um defeito obtido com fresa cilíndro-cônica, e preenchimento do leito ósseo de 30 ratos do grupo experimental com poliuretana vegetal acrescida de CaCO3. Para os 30 animais do grupo controle, o defeito ósseo näo recebeu nenhum tratamento. Aos 15, 25, 40, 60, 090 e 120 dias após a cirurgia, os animais foram sacrificados e suas mandíbulas removidas e coradas com hematoxilina e eosina, Picrosírius e tricrômico de Mallory para o estudo morfológico sob microscopia óptica comum e de polarizaçäo. Os resultados demonstram grande aceitaçäo orgânica à resina, näo ocorrendo formaçäo de cápsula, tampouco migraçäo local de células inflamatórias, além de o carbonato funcionar como isca, promovendo neoformaçäo óssea, estimulando o aparecimento das células osteogênicas


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Polyurethanes/administration & dosage , Polyurethanes/analysis , Resins/analysis , Mandible , Biocompatible Materials
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